From the author's website. :. Continuing a series of articles published. Oleg Leonidovich Tataurova -. engineer, designer and manufacturer of innovative systems that use. alternative energy sources.
from the author.
Any normal person would like to have the free clean energy ( solar, wind, rivers, sea-, and m. Dr.. ). Alternative Energy (AE), is precisely to address the problems of using these types of energy. The most general public need cheap and affordable installation of AE and a small amount. Large companies do not want to deal with the production of cheap products, and even in small volumes. They are economically inefficient, resulting in this market segment AE is almost empty. But for small- scale enterprises (SSEs ), this segment is a wide field for its activities. Manufacturing enterprises in order to survive, are forced to constantly produce something, and always something to sell. They can produce only a proven and profitable products, resulting in a huge number of inventions and developments remain unclaimed, and that another wide field of activity for MP.
This article is intended for all those who wish to do the work in AE, and wants to create its own IP. This article summarizes the answers to basic questions: ... n. ? ... Should immediately be noted that AE is an endless amount of work, designed for many decades. The demand for free clean energy, too, is inexhaustible. He was, he is, and he will always be. And where there is demand, there's a sale, then you can and should work.
Hope for success in the field of AE may be the only ones who are tuned to a serious and continuous work!.
Fans of quick profit, all sorts of intermediaries, hucksters and speculators,.
in AE to do nothing!.
a. Briefly about the problems in the field of AE.
a. a. AE can significantly reduce fuel consumption and electricity, improving the environment and allows you to create many new jobs. Despite the obvious benefits of using plants of AE, the demand for these products is relatively small. First of all, this is due to the extremely low awareness of the existing installations of AE. Even in countries with a fairly high level of education, only a very small proportion of the population has at least a general idea about the settings of AE. If you create a brand new very profitable and very cost-effective installation of the AE, the demand for it will be almost zero, because the buyer simply will not understand what you are offering him a.
Imagine that you have produced a refrigerator or air conditioner on solar energy. This product is extremely necessary and important especially in the southern latitudes. How would you not try to promote these wonderful products, it is unlikely that someone will respond to your advertising and not because the products are no use to anybody, and all because almost nobody does not know what it is. Besides, when you say that solar energy does not heat you, and cool, then you can take a charlatan or just for the abnormal human.
When, for example, in the early 80s went on sale first microwave oven, the demand for them was almost zero. The vast majority of people believed their normal kitchen oven at incredibly high prices. By the mid- 80's view has changed dramatically, and microwave ovens have become a scarce commodity. At the present time, this production is the most massive demand. Microwave ovens, it is only a single example, but in general the fate of any unknown new product is about the.
same and this should not be forgotten.
a. 2. Understanding that a fundamentally new set of AE is surely there are any know-how or invention is deeply flawed. In fact, this is absolutely not the case. The same microwave ovens, largely because no one is specifically devised. The effect of heating the water in the microwave electromagnetic radiation.
had long been well known. Just someone got the idea to use this effect to heat the food. The result is a very remarkable plant. Similarly, you can create a lot of brand new units of AE without any out there know-how and inventions.
a. 3. The notion that work in the field of AE certainly need funding, is also a mistake to. Much of the scientific work in the field of AE in the preliminary funding does not require. The demand for research and development large enough. And there.
where there is demand, there are orders, and if there are orders, so there is a profit. Historical experience shows: ...
Of course, with funding can significantly expand the scope of work in the field of AE. If, however, will still be supported by the state, it will be possible to engage and research, so here is a great deal of work in general. However, the MP should try to rely on themselves. Can be a very long time to sit and wait until you have someone take a sudden and even finance. The probability of this wait, doing nothing is close to zero.
2. What makes a small business from big?.
2. a. Large production enterprises to survive, we have to focus on the production of more expensive products. To readjust production, a large company you need to spend a lot of money and time, and so it is focused on large-scale production. Consumers are also installations of AE, it does not rich people and expensive products, especially in large quantities, they do not need. For example, every farmer household products AE very much needed, he needed stills, dryers, solar pumps, refrigerators and much more. In other words, he needs a variety of installation of AE, in the amount of 1-2 items, and that these products are affordable and accessible to his farm budget.
In addition to farming, the use of AE plants most appropriate in other areas of agriculture, they are also required for small businesses, recreation areas, private homeowners and m. n. They all share the same interest: ...
2. 2. At all times, have been enthusiastic inventors, who at his own expense and on their own create a variety of designs. From the telegraph and telephone, the phonograph to the aircraft and, all this was done by enthusiastic inventors at their own expense. Today's enthusiasts, inventors continue to create beautiful and profitable design, but are not able to put them into production. In addition, there are also various patent offices, which is literally littered with interesting inventions in the field of AE. These inventions decades gathering dust on shelves and in fact, no one needs. Implement they, too, in fact no one!.
To a large company was able to prepare a new product to introduce into production, it must prepare terms of reference, write a business plan, develop documentation and make a lot more to anyone unnecessary and expensive things.
The preparation and approval of various securities goes from one or more. All that paperwork would cost the company a few hundred thousand dollars to several million. And all this just to get started.
For example, if the MP will decide to make an individual solar desalination, it is.
manufacture it in two weeks and cost him about $ 100. Much as this desalination plant will never do no more, because the paper alone, he would have to spend more than one year of work and over a million dollars.
It turns out the paradoxical thing, everything that could make a MP or even a sole proprietorship, a large enterprise can not produce.
Yes, it's ironic, but it's just that the MP should wrap this paradoxical in its favor. MP should be focused on the production of single samples of products, production he does not need. Place orders for production can be anywhere, anytime and without any problems.
Its the same pilot plant can be placed at least on its own summer cottage.
You do not have to pay the rent, pay taxes, and no costly.
Business plans are not needed. Freed from unnecessary costs, the MP is a real possibility to implement the invention in the production of dusty and encourage participation in the work of enthusiastic inventors. Manufactured, sold, made a profit!.
2. 3. Thus, MP has several advantages over large enterprises, which it should take. If large companies fall in demand for its products, and ends with the bankruptcy of financial collapse, the fall in demand for the MP would mean only that it is time to move to a different type of product or any other type of activity. MP under adverse economic conditions may at any time to suspend their activities and when they wish to be able to once again begin its work. If a large company will try to suspend its work, it is immediately ruined.
3. The first phase of work in the field of AE.
3. a. If any activity in AE, above all, to learn the definition of AE sources of energy power (sun, wind, river, sea wave, and m. Dr.. ) And get the appropriate instrumentation.
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In addition, you must have meteorological instruments to measure temperature, humidity and pressure. Weather stations cost from a few tens of dollars to several hundred dollars, are produced in large numbers. In Figure. 1, 2, 3 shows a desktop weather station, weather station with radio and professional weather station. But for MT, it is better to collect their own weather station. In Figure. 4 as an example, shows the weather station to measure, record and control temperature and humidity. The cost of the humidity sensor (left) from 10 to 30 dollars. , A temperature sensor ( thermistor ) is about 5-10 cents. 4-channel transmitter signal is 500-600 dollars. But a better signal converter to make yourself with the possibility of reprogramming. The fact that the replacement of sensors and the reprogramming of signal converter, weather station can be used now as a universal measuring system, which will need to develop and test installations of AE. Computer and monitor can be anything, including most obsolete.
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3. 2. After the MP master metering system, it can begin to carry out orders to assess the energy efficiency area and start making money. In parallel, the MP will have to create for itself a database of issued units AE, their producers and prices. Should be as similar information on the component units and details of construction for the installation of AE.
So: the first stage of work in the field of AE should consider the presence of measurement system and the availability of a database of existing units AE. The first stage is an integral part for everyone who decided to engage in the AE. Financial costs are insignificant, rent and taxes, no need to pay. So the first stage of work, anyone can master. Without the development of the first stage of the AE to do nothing!.
4. Work in the field of AE at low cost.
4. a. The initial activity of MP in AE, should not be associated with high financial costs and risks. Trying to jump right in ... In AE, and without it there is quite a lot of work with little or negligible funding here with them then we should start.
4. 2. As one of such activities of MP could be asked to manufacture educational exhibits and children's engineers and technical purposes. Limited scope of the AE is not necessarily, you can significantly expand the scope and range of products.
In Figure. 5 and Fig. 6 shows examples of making educational exhibits refrigeration compressor and oil pump. In order to produce these artifacts need to find an industrial landfill units that are suitable for and cut out one part of the section. Material costs are virtually zero, and the exhibits can be produced profitably produce on request, for a variety of educational institutions. Such educational exhibits can be made a great many.
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If the MP of these items will make at least a little exposure, it can begin to organize various training courses and lectures. This case is also profitable. It would be nice to complement this exhibition and the current models, such as wind turbine model ( Figure. 7 ). The current exhibits, cause a much greater interest among the public, but their production is required at least some minimal financial cost. Preferably, the magnetic field in the manufacture of items would be available in its own unpretentious machines and small tools. Install all equipment is at least possible in the usual garage.
If the machines are not new, the equipment costs would be approximately 2000 - 2500 dollars.
In order to master the production of children's designers, high intelligence is not required. It's enough to buy ready-made parts and put them in a nice box.
However, designers need a more sophisticated and adult. Often customers would prefer not to purchase ready-made set of AE, and kit of parts for self- production of. This option is beneficial to one side of the customer to save money, on the other hand, it is also advantageous to the manufacturer, because it can not be held with the warranty and does not need to spend money on certification of their products.
4. 3. Another very attractive area of work in the field of AE at low cost, is an assembly of prefabricated units of AE units and parts on the basis of its own business.
Given that the cost of many plants artificially overestimated by the producers themselves, and between buyers and producers and intermediaries, there are still with its share, then find a free ... When you start creating your own database, then the spread in prices between different manufacturers can have bearings on.
some more or less certain products.
As one of the examples in Figure. 8 depicts a street lamp, which in the daytime charging energy of the sun and wind, and at night lit by electricity stored in the accumulator. Solar cells will be cheaper if you collect it on the site purchased from the cells. Wind turbines are also cheaper if the wind wheel to produce at. The assembly of the lamp, it is also a profitable business. The cost of components for lamps up to 100 watts of approximately a few hundred dollars.
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Additionally, you can offer the customer installation and assembly of lighting fixtures in its territory. And of course you can offer to the implementation and fixtures themselves, which need only make the existing specimens. In addition to the lamps can be found, and many other articles of AE, which would be in demand. To do this, but only seriously pursue the case.
4. 4. Very good work in the direction of AE at low cost is the production of product samples AE is not worth more than $ 100. Such structures in a lot of AE. MP in the making, should first take care of your self-promotion, and this should make samples of products that could produce a positive effect on the public.
As an example, Figure. 9 shows the solar value of 04.05 dollars a lighter. In Figure. 10 - the sun reflector with a stand for the teapot cost of 50-80 dollars. In Figure. 11 shows a model of a carousel that runs on solar energy and wind energy.
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The cost of manufacturing such a model will be about $ 100. In the case of orders, the MP may make such a life-size carousel. Cost of real carousel will be 1800-2000 dollars.
When the MP will get plenty of similar models, it will be able to do outreach lectures with demonstrations of their products. What matters is that in these models, something steamed, boiled or spun. The cost of creating such models, no more than the cost of advertising, but the results are much more effective. These lectures help to establish business relations, the conclusion of agreements and contracts, acquaint people with the existing products in the field of AE. Business relations, it is the same profit with only a delay. Visitors to the lectures, this is the future demand.
4. 5. Another direction of work in the field of AE at low cost, is to upgrade existing installations of AE, with a view to reduce the cost and improve performance. This work is for the competent designers and engineers.
If you change the settings of AE design and change their production technology, can cost a number of existing plants to reduce AE several times.
The main advantage of this type of activity consists in the fact that you will create a new installation with a pre- guaranteed serviceability. Also do not need to spend time and money on its development and testing.
4. 6. The presence of competent designers and engineers at the MP enables orders to develop design and technological documentation. This is also a lucrative business.
All you need is a table, chair, computer and of course the brains.
5. Creation of new units of AE.
5. a. A fundamentally new settings AE can be set, established on the basis of new scientific and technological achievements or inventions. To create such systems require conducting a large number of research and design work, experimentation, prototyping, testing, and much, much more. As a rule, the creation of such facilities may take several years,.
up to several decades. Trying to solve these problems without government support, still quite difficult.
5. 2. In addition, a large number of fundamentally new systems can be created without it, and know-how and inventions. For the MP is most advisable to create universal modules AE, of which he was later able to quickly assemble the right set of AE, depending on the demand or customer requirements.
Suppose that as a universal module, you have made the solar engine, which converts solar energy into mechanical energy. In the future, this engine can be used for solar refrigerator, solar distiller, solar pump, etc. Dr.. If you are installing the same design and produce individually, then it will take much more time and money.
Suppose that you have available a universal motor and solar.
universal wind turbine. From these two universal modules can be manufactured:.
a) 3 model of refrigerator on solar, wind, and the total energy of the sun and wind.
b) 3 model, the air conditioner on solar, wind, and the total energy of the sun and wind.
c) 3 model distiller on solar, wind, and the total energy of the sun and wind.
g) 3 pump model for solar, wind, and the total energy of the sun and wind.
Total: If one of the universal solar engine we can make three new operating model, with the addition of a single universal wind turbines, we can already produce for 12 models. If we add at least one universal module, the number of new models is already expressed to three the number! .
* Note: In fact, the number of models will be much greater, because in the process of creating a single model, as a rule, are born, or even a few new models. 5. 3. If the PM will have at its disposal a set of generic modules, he.
will not need to create a new set each time to engage in the construction, development, testing and r. Dr.. All this will save a lot of MP time and money.
Upon receipt of the order, the MP will need only to collect among themselves ready and tested modules, and new installation is complete!.
6. The equipment needed to create a fundamentally new installations of AE.
6. a. To create a brand new installations of AE, a small business must have at its disposal a small machine shop, staffed by plumbing and measuring instrument. Accommodate all this equipment will be able to square.
50-60 m. square. The initial cost of equipment workshop, which will start to work, would amount to an estimated 2,000 to 4,000 dollars.
6. 2. In the manufacture of any structure, whether it be modernized, the assembly of prefabricated units, or a radically new design, you need to make a test bed. The basis for such a stand is a metal table 1000H2000 mm. and height of 650-700 mm. The top table is sheathed steel sheet thickness 1.8-2.0 mm. This design will continue to establish a variety of units, depending on the task. Estimated cost of construction of the stand can be from 500 to 2500 dollars.
6. 3. In the presence of test stands MP, will be able to take orders for testing for a variety of companies and enter into mutually beneficial contracts with them. Thus a magnetic field there is a real opportunity to not only offset the costs that went into the creation of stands, but also to earn money.
6. 4. If the MP begins to create a fundamentally new installations of AE, on the basis of new scientific and technological achievements and inventions, it will be to develop computer simulation. In our time, without computer simulation, an inventor or research does not make sense. Let's make this clear by a concrete example. Suppose that we are developing a desalination plant evaporative type, and we need to achieve its maximum performance with minimum energy consumption. In other words, we want to know under what conditions the rate of evaporation of water ( Visp ) will be maximum?.
In Figure. 12 is a diagram of the laboratory setup to simulate the evaporation of water.
Installation consists of a tank, which is filled with salt water. The number of evaporated water is determined by the drop in its level Δh. Water may be heated by the heater. The fan simulates the wind.
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The rate of evaporation of Visp, will depend on water temperature Tg, the wind velocity ve,.
concentration of salt solution Wed, humidity φ, atmospheric pressure, and RATM.
ambient temperature Tamb. So, we must calculate the dependence.
Visp = f ( Te, ve, Cp, φ, RATM, Tamb ). If we do the traditional method of calculation, based on the equation of chemical thermodynamics, we have to spend a lot of time and effort. If we do the calculations by computer simulation and based on experimental data, this problem can be solved in seconds.
Here then we have already and will need a measuring range, which was mentioned earlier in this article.
Once we solve the problem of evaporation, you will need to solve a problem with condensation of water vapor. Then he will need to calculate the geometric dimensions of the design, calculate the optimal price-performance options and much, much more.
In the end, we will need several models to choose the most optimal variant of the design. If we assume that the whole thing by hand, then at most a simple design would take about a few months, computer modeling will allow to solve the same problem a few hours. Development of computer programs and the publication of educational literature, performance calculations, etc. Dr.. All this is also a source of additional income for the MP.
7. Types of IP in the field of AE.
7. a. Thus, the preliminary results of which can perform the work of MP.
in AE and then it can make a profit.
a) No pre-financing:.
a. Execution of orders on the evaluation of energy efficiency.
2. Execution of orders for installation and assembly plants AE.
3. Education and training in the field of AE.
4. The publication of textbooks and computer programs.
5. Lectures and exhibitions in the field of AE.
6. Implementation of design, technological and theoretical work.
b ) With low-cost (up to 2000 dollars. ).
a. Production of educational exhibits and children's designers.
2. Complete units and parts plants in the form of AE designers.
3. The assembly of prefabricated units of AE units and parts.
4. Modernization of existing plants AE.
5. Executing orders for bench testing.
6. Design and manufacture of test rigs on order.
c) With prior funding (more than 2000doll. ).
a. Creation of new units of AE.
2. Perform research and design work.
7. 2. Of course, the list of works presented here is far from complete.
In the process, inevitably there will be new activities, and even new destinations. If the MP will be engaged in practical activities, he has a real opportunity to obtain financial and public support. Those who do nothing and asks many questions, hope is no one and nothing to.
8. On the prospects of setting AE.
8. a. First of all, the consumer is interested in well-known settings of AE, such as wind turbines, solar panels, etc. n. He is interested in them only because he does not know anything else. The vast majority of power generating installation of AE are unprofitable because they get to the electricity cost of 7.6 cents a kilowatt / hour of impossible.
Generators running on the energy of the river, provide a cost, but now find the free river is very difficult. This cost of electricity and generators provide the navy, and market electric navy practically empty.
Produce marine generators are not so difficult, it's hard just to get permission from the authorities to work in the coastal marine area. Particularly effective settings of AE are installed, placed on floating offshore platforms. However, they will also be a problem with the licensing documents.
8. 2. There are also non-electrical installation of AE, which are very promising. Of refrigerators, air conditioners and desalination plants on the AE, almost no one asks, despite the fact that this is the most promising setup, but only about them, very little that is known. So while the MP does not provide working models, the demand for these units will be virtually zero. Trying to prove something on the fingers, it is absolutely useless. But when you, for example, to make a demo fridge on solar energy (Fig.. 13) and get me a bottle of cold beer, it is for many it may be a sensation.
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For its production, you can use an outdated or non-working refrigerator. Make it to the solar liner is not that difficult work. The cost is irrelevant, but the effect is more significant than the.
8. 3. The paradox of the AE is that the buyer acquires a product known to be unprofitable because of their ignorance, and under the influence of false advertising, but it is really profitable products can not buy because of it, he knows nothing, he does not know where you can buy or . Manufacture or design of individual products to order, may be beneficial only for the MP and the work was for him.
9. conclusion.
9. a. The introduction of technology in the field of AE, entails a reduction in demand for fuel and electricity, which in turn reduces the profits of various energy companies.
Of course, that all these companies are not interested in implementing systems AE.
If the MP will introduce desalination plants, it will reduce the profits to producers of fresh water, which are also not interested in their implementation.
MP must necessarily take into account all these factors and a very carefully designed scheme of sale of goods. It is best if the development, pilot production and sale of products ...
9. 2. Any new development will sooner or later abducted and no patents or licenses, this does not save. Here we must try not to offer for sale the best examples of the final assembly of products and goods made only at the enterprise.
9. 3. Work in the field of AE, inevitably intersect with energy-saving technologies.
Energy-saving technologies, it is also very promising direction and amount of work out there, no less than in the AE.
9. 4. While working in the field of AE, you will grow into new ideas and promising directions. Above all, make sure you have the desire to work.
It remains only to wish you along the way good luck and success!.
June 2009. Moscow.
About the author:. Tataurov Oleg Leonidovich 1953. p. He graduated from the Moscow Higher Technical School named. Bauman in 1977. Mechanical engineer. In Soviet times he worked in defense industries, including about 10 years worked at the Sary -Shagan in Kazakhstan ( rocketry ). To master the complex issues of design techniques, as well as questions about its production and testing. Contact Email: alamaton @ mail. ru. 
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